2008年12月10日星期三

【权利:1437】 Re: Fw: 中国各界人士联合发布《零八宪章》-英文全文翻译

08 Charter



Preamble

This year is the 100th year of China's Constitution, the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 30th anniversary of the birth of the Democracy Wall, and the 10th year since China signed the International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights. After experiencing a prolonged period of human rights disasters and a tortuous struggle and resistance, the awakening Chinese citizens are increasingly and more clearly recognizing that freedom, equality, and human rights are universal common values shared by all humankind, and that democracy, a republic, and constitutionalism constitute the basic structural framework of modern governance. A "modernization" bereft of these universal values and this basic political framework is a disastrous process that deprives humans of their rights, corrodes human nature, and destroys human dignity. Where will China head in the 21st century? Continue a "modernization" under this kind of authoritarian rule? Or recognize universal values, assimilate into the mainstream civilization, and build a democratic political system? This is a major decision that cannot be avoided.

The monumental historic transformation in the mid-19th century exposed the decay of the traditional Chinese despotic system and ushered in the most "unprecedented and cataclysmic change in several thousands of years" in all of China. The Self-strengthening Movement (c 1861-1894) sought the improvement of China's technical capacity. The defeat in the first Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) once more exposed the anachronism of the political system. The Hundred Day Reform touched upon institutional innovations, but was a failure in the end because of the cruel suppression of the die-hard clique. On the surface, the Xinhai Revolution (1911) buried the imperial system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years and established Asia's first republic. But, limited by the historical factors determined by internal trouble and external aggression, the republican political system lasted only for an instant, and despotism quickly returned.

The failure of imitating mechanical innovation and institutional renewal prompted deep reflection among the people of the nation on the roots of this cultural sickness, which resulted in the "May 4" new culture movement under the banner of "science and democracy." Because of frequent civil wars and invasions by external enemies, the course of China's political democratization was forced to stop. The course of a constitutional government was initiated again after the victory in the War of Resistance against Japan (1937-1945), but the result of the civil war between the Kuomintang (the Nationalist Party) and the Communist Party caused China to sink into the abyss of the totalitarianism of the modern era. The "New China" established in 1949 is a "people's republic" in name only. In fact, it is under the "Party's dominion." The ruling power monopolizes all the political, economic and social resources. It created a string of human rights catastrophes such as the Anti-Rightist Campaign, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, June 4, and attacks on non-governmental religious activities and on the rights defense movement, causing tens of millions of deaths, and exacted a disastrous price on the people and the country.

The "reform and opening up" of the late 20th century extricated China from the pervasive poverty and absolute power in the Mao Zedong era, and substantially increased private wealth and the standard of living of the masses. Individual economic freedom and social privileges were partially restored, a civil society began to grow, and the calls for human rights and political freedom among the people increased by the day. Those in power, as they were implementing economic reforms aimed at marketization and privatization, also began to move from a position of rejecting human rights to one of gradually recognizing them. In 1997 and 1998, the Chinese government signed two important international human rights treaties. In 2004, the National People's Congress amended the Constitution to include language to "respect and safeguard human rights." And this year, [the government] has promised to formulate and implement a "National Human Rights Action Plan." However, this political progress stops at the paper stage. There are laws but there is no rule of law. There is a constitution but no constitutional governance. And there is still the political reality that is obvious for all to see. The power bloc continues to insist on maintaining the authoritarian regime, rejecting political reform. This has caused corruption in officialdom, difficulty in establishing rule of law, and no protection of human rights, the loss of ethics, the polarization of society, warped economic development, damages in the natural and human environments, no systematic protection of the rights to property and the pursuit of happiness, the accumulation of countless social conflicts, and the continuous rise of resentment. In particular, the intensification of hostility between government officials and the ordinary people, and the dramatic rise of mass incidents, illustrate a catastrophic loss of control in the making, and the anachronism of the current system has reached a point where change must occur.

II. Our Fundamental Concepts

At this historical juncture of the future destiny of China, it is necessary to rethink the last 100 years of modernization and reaffirm the following concepts:

Freedom: Freedom is at the core of universal values. The rights of speech, publication, belief, assembly, association, movement, and to demonstrate are all the concrete realizations of freedom. If freedom is not flourishing, then there is no modern civilization of which to speak.

Human Rights: Human rights are not bestowed by the state, but are rights that each person is born with and enjoys. To ensure/guarantee human rights must be the foundation of the first objective of government and lawful public authority, and is also the inherent demand of "putting people first." The past political calamities of China are all closely related to the disregard of human rights by the ruling authorities.

Equality: Each individual, regardless of social status, occupation, gender, economic situation, ethnic group, skin color, religion, or political belief, is equal in human dignity and freedom. The principle of equality before the law and a citizen's society must be implemented; the principle of equality of economic, cultural, and political rights must be implemented.

Republicanism: Republicanism is "governing together; living peacefully together," □ that is, the decentralization of power and balancing of interests, that is comprised of diverse interests, different social groups, pluralistic culture and groups seeking religious belief, on the foundation of equal participation, peaceful competition, public discussion, and peaceful handling of public affairs.

Democracy: The most basic meaning is that sovereignty resides in the people and the people elect government. Democracy has the following basic characteristics: (1) the legitimacy of government comes from the people, the source of government power is the people; (2) government must be chosen by the people; (3) citizens enjoy the right to vote, important civil servants and officials of all levels should be produced through elections at fixed times; (4) the decisions of the majority must be respected while protecting the basic rights of the minority. In a word, democracy will become the modern tool for making government one "from the people, by the people, and for the people."

Constitutionalism: Constitutionalism is the principle of protecting basic constitutionally-guaranteed freedoms and rights of citizens through law and a rule of law, delimiting the boundaries of government power and actions, and providing corresponding systemic capacity.

In China, the era of imperial power has long passed and will not return; in the world, authoritarian systems are approaching the dusk of their endings. The only fundamental way out for China: citizens should become the true masters of the nation, throw off the consciousness of reliance on a wise ruler or honest and upright official, make widely public civic consciousness of the centrality of rights and the responsibility of participation, and practice freedom, democracy, and respect for law.

III. Our basic standpoint

In line with a responsible and constructive citizens' spirit towards the country's political system, civil rights and various aspects of social development, we put forward the following specific standpoints:

  1. Amend the Constitution: Based on the aforementioned values and concepts, amend the Constitution, abolishing the provisions in the current Constitution that are not in conformity with the principle that sovereignty resides in the people so that the Constitution can truly become a document for guaranteeing human rights and [appropriate use of] public power. The Constitution should be the implementable supreme law that any individual, group or party shall not violate, and lay the legal foundation for the democratization of China.
  2. Separation and balance of power: A modern government that separates, checks and keeps balance among powers guarantees the separation of legislative, judicial, and administrative power. The principle of governing by laws and being a responsible Government shall be established. Over-expansion of executive power shall be prevented; the Government shall be responsible to the taxpayers; the separation, checking and keeping balance of powers between the central and local governments shall be set up; the central power authority shall be clearly defined and mandated by the Constitution, and the local governments shall be fully autonomous.
  3. Democratize the lawmaking process: All levels of the legislative bodies shall be directly elected. Maintain the principles of fairness and justice in making law, and democratize the lawmaking process.
  4. Independence of the judiciary: The judiciary shall be nonpartisan, free from any interference. Ensure judicial independence, and guarantee judicial fairness. Establish a Constitutional Court and a system of judicial review; maintain the authority of the Constitution. Abolish as soon as possible the Party's Committees of Political and Legislative affairs at all levels that seriously endanger the country's rule of law. Avoid using public tools for private objectives.
  5. Public institutions should be used for the public: Realize the nationalization of the armed forces. The military shall be loyal to the Constitution and to the country. The political party organizations in the armed forces should be withdrawn. The level of military professionalism should be raised. All civil servants including the police shall remain politically neutral. Discrimination in employment of civil servants based on party preference should be eliminated and equal employment without any party preference should be adopted.
  6. Protect human rights: Protection of human rights should be effectively implemented and human dignity should be safeguarded. A Commission on Human Rights shall be established that is responsible to the highest level of authority representing public opinion. [This Commission] will prevent government abuse of public power and violation of human rights, and especially protect the personal freedom of citizens. All persons should be be free from unlawful arrest, detention, summons, interrogation, and punishment. The system of Reeducation-Through-Labor should be abolished.
  7. Election of public officials: The democratic electoral system should be fully implemented, with the realization of the equal voting right of one person one vote. Direct election of all levels of administrative heads should be institutionalized step by step. Free competition in the elections on a regular basis and citizen participation in the election of public officials are inalienable basic human rights.
  8. Urban and rural equality: The current urban-rural household registration system should be repealed. The equal rights for all citizens guaranteed by the Constitution should be implemented. The freedom of movement for citizens should be protected.
  9. Freedom of association: Citizens' right to freedom of association shall be safeguarded. The current system for registration and examination before approval for civil society organizations should be changed to a registration and recording system. The ban on freely organizing political parties should be lifted. All activities of parties should be regulated by the Constitution and law. One-party monopolization of ruling privileges should be abolished. The principle of freedom of activities of political parties and fair competition should be established. The normalization of party politics and a rule by law should be realized.
  10. Freedom of assembly: Peaceful assembly, protest, demonstration and freedom of expression are fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution. They should not be subject to unlawful interference and unconstitutional restrictions by the ruling party and the government.
  11. Freedom of expression: The freedom of speech, freedom of the press and academic freedom should be implemented. Citizens' right to know and to monitor supervise should be protected. A press and publication law should be promulgated. The ban on freely publishing newspapers should be lifted. The current provision of "inciting subversion of state power" in the Criminal Law should be repealed and criminal punishment for speech should be eliminated.
  12. Freedom of religion: Freedom of religion and freedom of belief should be protected. Religion and politics should be separated. Religious activities should be free from government interference. All administrative regulations, administrative rules and local regulations and rules that restrict or deprive citizens' freedom of religion should be reviewed and repealed. Management of religious activities by administrative legislature should be prohibited. The current prior approval system in which religious groups (including places of worship) must be registered before obtaining legal status should be abolished, and instead, a new record-keeping system for religious groups and their worship places should replace the current one.
  13. Citizen Education: Abolish political education and examinations that are deeply ideological and serve one-party rule. Promote citizen education that encompasses universal values and civil rights, establishes civil consciousness, and promotes the civil virtue of serving society.
  14. Property Protection: Establish and protect private property rights, implement a free and open market economy, protect the freedom of entrepreneurship, and eliminate administrative monopoly; set up a state-owned property management committee that is responsible to the highest legislative agency, initiate property rights reforms legally and orderly, make clear the property rights of owners and obligors, initiate a new land movement, advance land privatization, and strictly protect citizens', in particular, farmers', land rights.
  15. Fiscal Reforms: Firmly establish democracy in finance and protect taxpayers' rights. Build a public finance system and operational mechanisms in which powers and obligations are clear, and create a reasonable and effective division of power in finance among all levels of government; implement major reforms in the tax system to reduce the tax rate, simplify the tax system, and achieve tax equity. The administrative departments should not be allowed to increase tax or create new tax arbitrarily without a social public choice and resolutions of the legislative agencies. Pass reforms on property rights, introduce diverse market subjects and competition mechanisms, lower the market-entry threshold in banking, and create conditions for the development of privately-owned banking to energize the financial system.
  16. Social Security: Build a social security system that covers all of the citizens, and provide them with fundamental protections for education, medical care, elderly care and employment.
  17. Environmental Protection: Protect the ecological environment, promote sustainable development, and take up responsibility to future generations and humanity; enforce the respective responsibilities of the state and government officials of all levels; perform the function of participation and supervision by civil organizations on environmental protection.
  18. Federal Republic: Participate in and maintain regional peace and development with an equal and fair attitude, and create an image of a responsible great country. Protect the free systems of Hong Kong and Macao. Under the precondition of freedom and democracy, seek a settlement resolution on cross-strait relations by way of equal negotiation and cooperative interaction. Explore possible ways and an institutional design to promote the mutual prospects of all ethnicities with great wisdom, and to establish China's federal republic under the structure of democracy and constitutionalism.
  19. Transitional Justice: Rehabilitate the reputation of and give state compensation to the victims who suffered political persecution during past political movements as well as their families; release all political prisoners, prisoners of conscience, and people who are convicted because of their beliefs; establish a truth commission to restore historical truth, to pursue accountability and to fulfill justice; seek a settlement of the society on this foundation.

IV. Conclusion

China, as a great nation of the world, one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, and a member of the Human Rights Council, should contribute to peace for humankind and progress in human rights. But to people's regret, among the great nations of the world, China, alone, still clings to an authoritarian political way of life. As a result, it has caused an unbroken chain of human rights disasters and social crises, held back the development of the Chinese people, and hindered the progress of human civilization. This situation must change! The reform of political democratization can no longer be delayed.
Because of this, we, with a civic spirit that dares to act, publish the "08 Charter." We hope that all Chinese citizens who share this sense of crisis, responsibility and mission, without distinction between the government or the public, regardless of status, will hold back our differences to seek common ground, actively participate in this citizens' movement, and jointly promote the great transformation of the Chinese society, so that we can establish a free, democratic and constitutional nation in the near future and fulfill the dreams that our people have pursued tirelessly for more than a hundred years.


Signed

Yu Haocheng
于浩成 (Beijing, Legal Scholar)
Zhang Sizhi
张思之 (Beijing, Lawyer)
Mao Yushi
茅于轼 (Beijing, Economist)
Du Guang
(Beijing, Political Scientist)
Li Pu
(Beijing, Senior Journalist)
Sha Yexin
沙叶新 (Shanghai, Playwright)
Liu Shahe
流沙河 (Sichuan, Poet)
Wu Maohua
吴茂华 (Sichuan, Writer)
Zhang Xianyang
张显扬 (Beijing, Ideologist)
Sun Wenguang
孙文广 (Shandong, Professor)
Bao Tong
(Beijing, Citizen)
Ding Ziling
丁子霖 (Beijing, Professor)
Zhang Xianling
张先玲 (Beijing, Engineer)
Xu Jue
(Beijing, Researcher)
Jiang Peikun
蒋培坤 (Beijing, Professor)
Liu Xiaobo
刘晓波 (Beijing, Writer)
Zhang Zuhua
张祖桦 (Beijing, Constitutional Scholar)
Gao Yu
(Beijing, Journalist)
Dai Qing
(Beijing, Writer)
Jiang Qisheng
江棋生 (Beijing, Scholar)
Ai Xiaoming
艾晓明 (Guangdong, Professor)
Liu Junning
刘军宁 (Beijing, Political Scientist)
Zhang Xukun
张旭昆 (Zhejiang, Professor)
Xu Youyu
徐友渔 (Beijing, Philosopher)
He Weifang
贺卫方 (Beijing, Legal Scholar)
Mo Shaoping
莫少平 (Beijing, Lawyer)
Chen Ziming
陈子明 (Beijing, Scholar)
Zhang Boshu
张博树 (Beijing, Political Scientist)
Cui Weiping
崔卫平 (Beijing, Scholar)
He Guanghu
何光沪 (Theologian)
Hao Jian
(Beijing, Scholar)
Shen Minhua
沈敏骅 (Zhejiang, Professor)
Li Datong
李大同 (Beijing, Journalist)
Li Xianting
栗宪庭 (Beijing, Art Commentator)
Zhang Ming
(Beijing, Professor)
Yu Jie
(Beijing, Writer)
Yu Shicun
余世存 (Beijing, Writer)
Qin Geng
(Hainan, Writer)
Zhou Duo
(Beijing, Scholar)
Pu Zhiqiang
浦志强 (Beijing, Lawyer)
Zhao Dagong
赵达功 (Shenzhen, Writer)
Yao Lifa
姚立法 (Hubei, Election Expert)
Feng Zhenghu
冯正虎 (Shanghai, Scholar)
Zhou Qing
(Beijing, Writer)
Yang Hengjun
杨恒均 (Guangzhou [Guangdong], Writer)
Teng Biao
(Beijing, Doctor of Law)
Jiang Danwen
蒋亶文 (Shanghai, Writer)
Woeser [Öser]
(Tibet, Writer)
Ma Bo
(Beijing, Writer)
Cha Jianying
查建英 (Beijing, Writer)
Hu Fayun
胡发云 (Hubei, Writer)
Jiao Guobiao
焦国标 (Beijing, Scholar)
Li Gongming
李公明 (Guangdong, Professor)
Zhao Hui
(Beijing, Commentator)
Li Boguang
李柏光 (Beijing, Doctor of Law)
Fu Guoyong
傅国涌 (Zhejiang, Writer)
Ma Shaofang
马少方 (Guangdong, Businessman)
Zhang Hong
(Shanghai, Professor)
Xia Yeliang
夏业良 (Beijing, Economist)
Ran Yunfei
冉云飞 (Sichuan, Scholar)
Liao Yiwu
廖亦武 (Sichuan, Writer)
Wang Yi
(Sichuan, Scholar)
Wang Xiaoyu
王晓渔 (Shanghai, Scholar)
Su Yuanzhen
苏元真 (Zhejiang, Professor)
Jiang Jianzhong
强剑衷 (Nanjing [Jiangsu], Senior Journalist)
Ouyang Xiaorong
欧阳小戎 (Yunnan, Poet)
Liu Di
(Beijing, Freelance Worker)
Zan Aizong
昝爱宗 (Zhejiang, Journalist)
Zhou Hongling
周鸿陵 (Beijing, Social Activist)
Feng Gang
(Zhejiang Professor)
Chen Lin
(Guangzhou [Guangdong], Scholar)
Yin Xian
(Gansu, Poet)
Zhou Ming
(Zhejiang, Professor)
Ling Cangzhou
凌沧洲 (Beijing, Journalist)
Tie Liu
(Beijing, Writer)
Chen Fengxiao
陈奉孝 (Shandong, Former Rightist Student from Beijing University)
Yao Bo
(Beijing, Commentator)
Zhang Jinjun
张津郡 (Guangdong, Manager)
Li Jianhong
李剑虹 (Shanghai, Writer)
Zhang Shanguang
张善光 (Hunan, Human Rights Defender)
Li Deming
李德铭 (Hunan, Journalist)
Liu Jianan
刘建安 (Hunan, Teacher)
Wang Xiaoshan
王小山 (Beijing, Media Worker)
Fan Yafeng
范亚峰 (Beijing, Doctor of Law)
Zhou Mingchu
周明初 (Zhejiang, Professor)
Liang Xiaoyan
梁晓燕 (Beijing, Environmental Volunteer)
Xu Xiao
(Beijing, Writer)
Chen Xi
西 (Guizhou, Human Rights Defender)
Zhao Cheng
(Shanxi, Scholar)
Li Yuanlong
李元龙 (Guizhou, Freelance Writer)
Shen Youlian
申有连 (Guizhou, Human Rights Defender)
Jiang Suimin
蒋绥敏 (Beijing, Engineer)
Lu Zhongming
陆中明 (Shaanxi, Scholar)
Meng Huang
(Beijing, Artist)
Lin Fuwu
林福武 (Fujian, Human Rights Defender)
Liao Shuangyuan
廖双元 (Guizhou, Human Rights Defender)
Lu Xuesong
卢雪松 (Jilin, Teacher)
Guo Yushan
郭玉闪 (Beijing, Scholar)
Chen Huanhui
陈焕辉 (Fujian, Human Rights Defender)
Zhu Jiuhu
朱久虎 (Beijing, Lawyer)
Jin Guanghong
金光鸿 (Beijing, Lawyer)
Gao Chaoqun
高超群 (Beijing, Editor)
Bo Feng
(Jilin, Poet)
Zheng Xuguang
郑旭光 (Beijing, Scholar)
Zeng Jinyan
曾金燕 (Beijing, Rights Activist)
Wu Yuqin
吴玉琴 (Guizhou, Human Rights Defender)
Du Yilong
杜义龙 (Shaanxi, Writer)
Li Hai
(Beijing, Human Rights Defender)
Zhang Hui
(Shanxi, Democracy Activist)
Jiang Shan
(Guangdong, Property Rights Activist)
Xu Guoqing
徐国庆 (Guizhou, Democracy Activist)
Wu Yu
(Guizhou, Democracy Activist)
Zhang Mingzhen
张明珍 (Guizhou, Democracy Activist)
Zeng Ning
(Guizhou, Democracy Activist)
Quan Linzhi
全林志 (Guizhou, Democracy Activist)
Ye Hang
(Zhejiang, Professor)
Ma Yunlong
马云龙 (Henan, Senior Journalist)
Zhu Jianguo
朱健国 (Guangdong, Freelance Writer)
Li Tie
(Guangdong, Social Activist)
Mo Jiangang
莫建刚 (Guizhou, Freelance Writer)
Zhang Yaojie
张耀杰 (Beijing, Scholar)
Wu Baojian
吴报建 (Zhejiang, Lawyer)
Yang Guang
(Guangxi, Scholar)
Yu Meisun
俞梅荪 (Beijing, Legal Professional)
Xing Jian
(Beijing, Legal Professional)
Wang Guangze
王光泽 (Beijing, Social Activist)
Chen Shaohua
陈绍华 (Guangdong, Designer)
Liu Yiming
刘逸明 (Hubei, Freelance Writer)
Wu Zuolai
吴祚来 (Beijing, Researcher)
Gao Zhen
(Shandong, Artist)
Gao Qiang
(Shandong, Artist)
Tang Jingling
唐荆陵 (Guangdong, Lawyer)
Li Xiaolong
黎小龙 (Guangxi, Rights Activist)
Jing Chu
(Guangxi, Freelance Writer)
Li Biao
(Anhui, Businessman)
Guo Yan
(Guangdong, Lawyer)
Yang Shiyuan
杨世元 (Zhejiang, Retiree)
Yang Kuanxing
杨宽兴 (Shandong, Writer)
Li Jinfang
李金芳 (Hebei, Democracy Activist)
Wang Yuwen
王玉文 (Guizhou, Poet)
Yang Zhongyi
杨中义 (Anhui, Worker)
Wu Xinyuan
武辛源 (Hebei, Peasant)
Du Heping
杜和平 (Guizhou, Democracy Activist)
Feng Ling
(Hubei, Volunteer for Constitutional Politics)
Zhang Xianzhong
张先忠 (Hubei, Entrepreneur)
Cai Jingzhong
蔡敬忠 (Guangdong, Peasant)
Wang Dianbin
王典斌 (Hubei, Business Owner)
Cai Jincai
蔡金才 (Guangdong, Peasant)
Gao Aiguo
高爱国 (Hubei, Business Owner)
Chen Zhanyao
陈湛尧 (Guangdong, Peasant)
He Wenkai
何文凯 (Hubei, Business Owner)
Wu Dangying
吴党英 (Shanghai, Rights Activist)
Zeng Qingbin
曾庆彬 (Guangdong, Worker)
Mao Haixiu
毛海秀 (Shanghai, Rights Activist)
Zhuang Daohe
庄道鹤 (Hangzhou, Lawyer)
Li Xiongbing
黎雄兵 (Beijing, Lawyer)
Li Renke
李任科 (Guizhou, Democracy Activist)
Zuo Li
(Hebei, Lawyer)
Dong Dezhu
董德筑 (Guizhou, Democracy Activist)
Tao Yuping
陶玉平 (Guizhou, Democracy Activist)
Wang Junxiu
王俊秀 (Beijing, IT Professional)
Huang Xiaomin
黄晓敏 (Sichuan, Rights Activist)
Zheng Enchong
郑恩宠 (Shanghai, Legal Adviser)
Zhang Junling
张君令 (Shanghai, Rights Activist)
Yang Hai
(Shaanxi, Scholar)
Ai Fulai
艾福荣 (Shanghai, Rights Activist)
Yang Huaren
杨华仁 (Hubei, Legal Professional)
Wei Qin
(Shanghai, Rights Activist)
Su Zuxiang
苏祖祥 (Hubei, Teacher)
Shen Yulian
沈玉莲 (Shanghai, Rights Activist)
Guan Hongshan
关洪山 (Hubei, Human Rights Defender)
Song Xianke
宋先科 (Guangdong, Businessman)
Wang Guoqiang
汪国强 (Hubei, Human Rights Defender)
Chen Enjuan
陈恩娟 (Shanghai, Rights Activist)
Li Yong
(Beijing, Media Worker)
Chang Xiongfa
常雄发 (Shanghai, Rights Activist)
Wang Jinglong
王京龙 (Beijing, Management Scholar)
Xu Zhengqing
许正清 (Shanghai, Rights Activist)
Gao Junsheng
高军生 (Shaanxi, Editor)
Zheng Beibei
郑蓓蓓 (Shanghai, Rights Activist)
Wang Dinghua
王定华 (Hubei, Lawyer)
Tan Lanying
谈兰英 (Shanghai, Rights Activist)
Fan Yanqiong
范燕琼 (Fujian, Human Rights Defender)
Lin Hui
(Zhejiang, Poet)
Wu Huaying
吴华英 (Fujian, Human Rights Defender)
Xue Zhenbiao
薛振标 (Zhejiang, Democracy Activist)
Dong Guojing
董国菁 (Shanghai, Human Rights Defender)
Chen Yufeng
陈玉峰 (Hubei, Legal Professional)
Duan Ruofei
段若飞 (Shanghai, Human Rights Defender)
Wang Zhongling
王中陵 (Shaanxi, Teacher)
Dong Chunhua
董春华 (Shanghai, Human Rights Defender)
Chen Xiuqin
陈修琴 (Shanghai, Human Rights Defender)
Liu Zhengyou
刘正有 (Sichuan, Human Rights Defender)
Ma Xiao
(Beijing, Writer)
Wan Yanhai
万延海 (Beijing, Public Health Expert)
Shen Peilan
沈佩兰 (Shanghai, Rights Activist)
Ye Xiaogang
叶孝刚 (Zhejiang, Retired University Faculty Member)
Zhang Jingsong
张劲松 (Anhui, Worker)
Zhang Jinfa
章锦发 (Zhejiang, Retiree)
Wang Liqing
王丽卿 (Shanghai, Rights Activist)
Zhao Changqing
赵常青 (Shaanxi, Writer)
Jin Yuehua
金月花 (Shanghai, Rights Activist)
Yu Zhangfa
余樟法 (Guangxi, Writer)
Chen Qiyong
陈启勇 (Shanghai, Rights Activist)
Liu Xianbin
刘贤斌 (Sichuan, Democracy Activist)
Ouyang Yi
欧阳懿 (Sichuan, Human Rights Defender)
Deng Huanwu
邓焕武 (Chongqing, Businessman)
He Weihua
贺伟华 (Hunan, Democracy Activist)
Li Dongzhuo
李东卓 (Hunan, IT Professional)
Tian Yongde
田永德 (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Human Rights Defender)
Zhi Xiaomin
智效民 (Shanxi, Scholar)
Li Changyu
李昌玉 (Shandong, Teacher)
Guo Weidong
郭卫东 (Zhejiang, Office Worker)
Chen Wei
(Sichuan, Democracy Activist)
Wang Jinan
王金安 (Hubei, Business Owner)
Cai Wenjun
蔡文君 (Shanghai, Rights Activist)
Hou Shuming
侯述明 (Hubei, Business Owner)
Liu Hannan
刘汉南 (Hubei, Human Rights Defender)
Shi Ruoping
史若平 (Shandong, Professor)
Zhang Renxiang
张忍祥 (Hubei, Human Rights Defender)
Ye Du
(Guangdong, Editor)
Xia Gang
(Hubei, Human Rights Defender)
Zhao Guoliang
赵国良 (Hunan, Democracy Activist)
Li Zhiying
李智英 (Beijing, Scholar)
Zhang Zhongfa
张重发 (Guizhou, Democracy Activist)
Chen Yongmiao
陈永苗 (Beijing, Scholar)
Jiang Ying
(Tianjin, Poet)
Tian Zuxiang
田祖湘 (Guizhou, Democracy Activist)
Huang Zhijia
黄志佳 (Hubei, Civil Servant)
Guan Yebo
关业波 (Hubei, Civil Servant)
Wang Wangming
王望明 (Hubei, Business Owner)
Gao Xinrui
高新瑞 (Hubei, Entrepreneur)
Song Shuiquan
宋水泉 (Hubei, Legal Professional)
Zhao Jingzhou
赵景洲 (Helongjiang, Human Rights Defender)
Wen Kejian
温克坚 (Zhejiang, Scholar)
Wei Wenying
魏文英 (Yunnan, Teacher)
Chen Huijuan
陈惠娟 (Helongjiang, Human Rights Defender)
Chen Yanxiong
陈炎雄 (Hubei, Teacher)
Duan Chunfang
段春芳 (Shanghai, Human Rights Defender)
Liu Zhengshan
刘正善 (Yunnan, Engineer)
Guan Min
(Hubei, University Teacher)
Dai Yuanlong
戴元龙 (Fujian, Business Owner)
Yu Yiwei
余以为 (Guangdong, Freelance Writer)
Han Zurong
韩祖荣 (Fujian, Business Owner)
Wang Dingliang
汪定亮 (Hubei, Lawyer)
Chen Qinglin
陈青林 (Beijing, Human Rights Defender)
Qian Shishun
钱世顺 (Guangdong, Business Owner)
Zeng Boyan
曾伯炎 (Sichuan, Writer)
Ma Yalian
马亚莲 (Shanghai, Human Rights Defender)
Che Hongnian
车宏年 (Shandong, Freelance Writer)
Qin Zhigang
秦志刚 (Shandong, Electronic Engineer)
Song Xiangfeng
宋翔峰 (Hubei, Teacher)
Deng Fuhua
邓复华 (Hubei, Writer)
Xu Kang
(Hubei, Civil Servant)
Li Jianqiang
李建强 (Shandong, Lawyer)
Li Renbing
李仁兵 (Beijing, Lawyer)
Qiu Meili
裘美丽 (Shanghai, Rights Activist)
Lan Zhixue
兰志学 (Beijing, Lawyer)
Zhou Jinchang
周锦昌 (Zhejiang, Retiree)
Huang Yanming
黄燕明 (Guizhou, Democracy Activist)
Liu Wei
(Beijing, Lawyer)
Yan Liehan
鄢烈汉 (Hubei, Business Owner)
Chen Defu
陈德富 (Guizhou, Democracy Activist)
Guo Yongxin
郭用新 (Hubei, Doctor)
Guo Yongfeng
郭永丰 (Guangdong, Founder of the Association of Chinese Citizens for Monitoring the Government [中国公民监政会])
Yuan Xinting
袁新亭 (Guangzhou [Guangdong], Editor)
Qi Huimin
戚惠民 (Zhejiang, Democracy Activist)
Li Yu
(Sichuan, Journalist)
Xie Fulin
谢福林 (Hunan, Human Rights Defender)
Xu Guang
(Zhejiang, Business Owner)
Ye Huo
(Guangdong, Freelance Writer)
Zou Wei
(Zhejiang, Rights Activist)
Xiao Libin
萧利彬 (Zhejiang, Engineer)
Gao Haibing
高海兵 (Zhejiang, Democracy Activist)
Tian Qizhuang
田奇庄 (Hebei, Writer)
Deng Taiqing
邓太清 (Shanxi, Democracy Activist)
Pei Hongxin
裴鸿信 (Hebei, Teacher)
Xu Min
(Jilin, Legal Professional)
Li Xige
李喜阁 (Henan, Rights Activist)
Wang Debang
王德邦 (Beijing, Writer)
Feng Qiusheng
冯秋盛 (Guangdong, Peasant)
Hou Wenbao
侯文豹 (Anhui, Rights Activist)
Tang Jitian
唐吉田 (Beijing, Lawyer)
Liu Rongchao
刘荣超 (Anhui, Peasant)
Li Tianxiang
李天翔 (Henan, Worker)
Cui Yuzhen
崔玉振 (Hebei, Lawyer)
Xu Maolian
许茂连 (Anhui, Peasant)
Zhai Linhua
翟林华 (Anhui, Teacher)
Tao Xiaoxia
陶晓霞 (Anhui, Peasant)
Zhang Wang
(Fujian, Worker)
Huang Dachuan
黄大川 (Liaoning, Office Worker)
Chen Xiaoyuan
陈啸原 (Hainan, Office Worker)
Zhang Jiankang
张鉴康 (Shaanxi, Legal Professional)
Zhang Xingshui
张星水 (Beijing, Lawyer)
Ma Gangquan
马纲权 (Beijing, Lawyer)
Wang Jinxiang
王金祥 (Hubei, Rights Activist)
Wang Jiaying
王家英 (Hubei, Business Owner)
Yan Laiyun
鄢来云 (Hubei, Business Owner)
Li Xiaoming
李小明 (Hubei, Rights Activist)
Xiao Shuixiang
肖水祥 (Hubei, Rights Activist)
Yan Yuxiang
鄢裕祥 (Hubei, Rights Activist)
Liu Yi
(Beijing, Artist)
Zhang Zhengxiang
张正祥 (Yunnan, Environmental Activist)

 


From: ChinaRights@googlegroups.com [mailto:ChinaRights@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of Wan Yanhai
Sent: Tuesday, December 09, 2008 1:39 AM
To: ChinaRights@googlegroups.com
Subject:
【权利:1433 Fw: 中国各界人士联合发布《零八宪章》

 

 

 

Sent: Tuesday, December 09, 2008 1:20 PM

Subject: 中国各界人士联合发布《零八宪章》

 

20081210日公布

            

一、前言

今年是中国立宪百年,《世界人权宣言》公布60周年,"民主墙"诞生30周年,中国政府签署《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》10周年。在经历了长期的人权灾难和艰难曲折的抗争历程之后,觉醒的中国公民日渐清楚地认识到,自由、平等、人权是人类共同的普世价值;民主、共和、宪政是现代政治的基本制度架构。抽离了这些普世价值和基本政制架构的"现代化",是剥夺人的权利、腐蚀人性、摧毁人的尊严的灾难过程。21世纪的中国将走向何方,是继续这种威权统治下的"现代化",还是认同普世价值、融入主流文明、建立民主政体?这是一个不容回避的抉择。

19世纪中期的历史巨变,暴露了中国传统专制制度的腐朽,揭开了中华大地上"数千年未有之大变局"的序幕。洋务运动追求器物层面的进良,甲午战败再次暴露了体制的过时;戊戌变法触及到制度层面的革新,终因顽固派的残酷镇压而归于失败;辛亥革命在表面上埋葬了延续2000多年的皇权制度,建立了亚洲第一个共和国。囿于当时内忧外患的特定历史条件,共和政体只是昙花一现,专制主义旋即卷土重来。器物模仿和制度更新的失败,推动国人深入到对文化病根的反思,遂有以"科学与民主"为旗帜的"五四"新文化运动,因内战频仍和外敌入侵,中国政治民主化历程被迫中断。抗日战争胜利后的中国再次开启了宪政历程,然而国共内战的结果使中国陷入了现代极权主义的深渊。1949年建立的"新中国",名义上是"人民共和国",实质上是"党天下"。执政党垄断了所有政治、经济和社会资源,制造了反右、大跃进、文革、六四、打压民间宗教活动与维权运动等一系列人权灾难,致使数千万人失去生命,国民和国家都付出了极为惨重的代价。

二十世纪后期的"改革开放",使中国摆脱了毛泽东时代的普遍贫困和绝对极权,民间财富和民众生活水平有了大幅度提高,个人的经济自由和社会权利得到部分恢复,公民社会开始生长,民间对人权和政治自由的呼声日益高涨。执政者也在进行走向市场化和私有化的经济改革的同时,开始了从拒绝人权到逐渐承认人权的转变。中国政府于1997年、1998年分别签署了两个重要的国际人权公约,全国人大于2004年通过修宪把"尊重和保障人权"写进宪法,今年又承诺制订和推行《国家人权行动计划》。但是,这些政治进步迄今为止大多停留在纸面上;有法律而无法治,有宪法而无宪政,仍然是有目共睹的政治现实。执政集团继续坚持维系威权统治,排拒政治变革,由此导致官场腐败,法治难立,人权不彰,道德沦丧,社会两极分化,经济畸形发展,自然环境和人文环境遭到双重破坏,公民的自由、财产和追求幸福的权利得不到制度化的保障,各种社会矛盾不断积累,不满情绪持续高涨,特别是官民对立激化和群体事件激增,正在显示着灾难性的失控趋势,现行体制的落伍已经到了非改不可的地步。

二、我们的基本理念

当此决定中国未来命运的历史关头,有必要反思百年来的现代化历程,重申如下基本理念:

自由:自由是普世价值的核心之所在。言论、出版、信仰、集会、结社、迁徙、罢工和游行示威等权利都是自由的具体体现。自由不昌,则无现代文明可言。

人权:人权不是国家的赐予,而是每个人与生俱来就享有的权利。保障人权,既是政府的首要目标和公共权力合法性的基础,也是"以人为本"的内在要求。中国的历次政治灾难都与执政当局对人权的无视密切相关。人是国家的主体,国家服务于人民,政府为人民而存在。

平等:每一个个体的人,不论社会地位、职业、性别、经济状况、种族、肤色、宗教或政治信仰,其人格、尊严、自由都是平等的。必须落实法律面前人人平等的原则,落实公民的社会、经济、文化、政治权利平等的原则。

共和:共和就是"大家共治,和平共生",就是分权制衡与利益平衡,就是多种利益成分、不同社会集团、多元文化与信仰追求的群体,在平等参与、公平竞争、共同议政的基础上,以和平的方式处理公共事务。

民主:最基本的涵义是主权在民和民选政府。民主具有如下基本特点:(1)政权的合法性来自人民,政治权力来源于人民;(2)政治统治经过人民选择,(3)公民享有真正的选举权,各级政府的主要政务官员必须通过定期的竞选产生。(4)尊重多数人的决定,同时保护少数人的基本人权。一句话,民主使政府成为"民有、民治、民享"的现代公器。

宪政:宪政是通过法律规定和法治来保障宪法确定的公民基本自由和权利的原则,限制并划定政府权力和行为的边界,并提供相应的制度设施。

在中国,帝国皇权的时代早已一去不复返了;在世界范围内,威权体制也日近黄昏;公民应该成为真正的国家主人。祛除依赖"明君""清官"的臣民意识,张扬权利为本、参与为责的公民意识,实践自由,躬行民主,尊奉法治,才是中国的根本出路。

三、我们的基本主张

藉此,我们本着负责任与建设性的公民精神对国家政制、公民权利与社会发展诸方面提出如下具体主张:

1修改宪法:根据前述价值理念修改宪法,删除现行宪法中不符合主权在民原则的条文,使宪法真正成为人权的保证书和公共权力的许可状,成为任何个人、团体和党派不得违反的可以实施的最高法律,为中国民主化奠定法权基础。

2分权制衡:构建分权制衡的现代政府,保证立法、司法、行政三权分立。确立法定行政和责任政府的原则,防止行政权力过分扩张;政府应对纳税人负责;在中央和地方之间建立分权与制衡制度,中央权力须由宪法明确界定授权,地方实行充分自治。

3立法民主:各级立法机构由直选产生,立法秉持公平正义原则,实行立法民主。

4司法独立:司法应超越党派、不受任何干预,实行司法独立,保障司法公正;设立宪法法院,建立违宪审查制度,维护宪法权威。尽早撤销严重危害国家法治的各级党的政法委员会,避免公器私用。

5公器公用:实现军队国家化,军人应效忠于宪法,效忠于国家,政党组织应从军队中退出,提高军队职业化水平。包括警察在内的所有公务员应保持政治中立。消除公务员录用的党派歧视,应不分党派平等录用。

6人权保障:切实保障人权,维护人的尊严。设立对最高民意机关负责的人权委员会,防止政府滥用公权侵犯人权,尤其要保障公民的人身自由,任何人不受非法逮捕、拘禁、传讯、审问、处罚,废除劳动教养制度。

7公职选举:全面推行民主选举制度,落实一人一票的平等选举权。各级行政首长的直接选举应制度化地逐步推行。定期自由竞争选举和公民参选法定公共职务是不可剥夺的基本人权。

8城乡平等:废除现行的城乡二元户籍制度,落实公民一律平等的宪法权利,保障公民的自由迁徙权。

9结社自由:保障公民的结社自由权,将现行的社团登记审批制改为备案制。开放党禁,以宪法和法律规范政党行为,取消一党垄断执政特权,确立政党活动自由和公平竞争的原则,实现政党政治正常化和法制化。

10集会自由:和平集会、游行、示威和表达自由,是宪法规定的公民基本自由,不应受到执政党和政府的非法干预与违宪限制。

11言论自由:落实言论自由、出版自由和学术自由,保障公民的知情权和监督权。制订《新闻法》和《出版法》,开放报禁,废除现行《刑法》中的"煽动颠覆国家政权罪"条款,杜绝以言治罪。

12宗教自由:保障宗教自由与信仰自由,实行政教分离,宗教信仰活动不受政府干预。审查并撤销限制或剥夺公民宗教自由的行政法规、行政规章和地方性法规;禁止以行政立法管理宗教活动。废除宗教团体(包括宗教活动场所)必经登记始获合法地位的事先许可制度,代之以无须任何审查的备案制。

13公民教育:取消服务于一党统治、带有浓厚意识形态色彩的政治教育与政治考试,推广以普世价值和公民权利为本的公民教育,确立公民意识,倡导服务社会的公民美德。

14财产保护:确立和保护私有财产权利,实行自由、开放的市场经济制度,保障创业自由,消除行政垄断;设立对最高民意机关负责的国有资产管理委员会,合法有序地展开产权改革,明晰产权归属和责任者;开展新土地运动,推进土地私有化,切实保障公民尤其是农民的土地所有权。

15财税改革:确立民主财政和保障纳税人的权利。建立权责明确的公共财政制度构架和运行机制,建立各级政府合理有效的财政分权体系;对赋税制度进行重大改革,以降低税率、简化税制、公平税负。非经社会公共选择过程,民意机关决议,行政部门不得随意加税、开征新税。通过产权改革,引进多元市场主体和竞争机制,降低金融准入门槛,为发展民间金融创造条件,使金融体系充分发挥活力。

16社会保障:建立覆盖全体国民的社会保障体制,使国民在教育、医疗、养老和就业等方面得到最基本的保障。

17环境保护:保护生态环境,提倡可持续发展,为子孙后代和全人类负责;明确落实国家和各级官员必须为此承担的相应责任;发挥民间组织在环境保护中的参与和监督作用。

18联邦共和:以平等、公正的态度参与维持地区和平与发展,塑造一个负责任的大国形象。维护香港、澳门的自由制度。在自由民主的前提下,通过平等谈判与合作互动的方式寻求海峡两岸和解方案。以大智慧探索各民族共同繁荣的可能途径和制度设计,在民主宪政的架构下建立中华联邦共和国。

19转型正义:为历次政治运动中遭受政治迫害的人士及其家属,恢复名誉,给予国家赔偿;释放所有政治犯和良心犯,释放所有因信仰而获罪的人员;成立真相调查委员会,查清历史事件的真相,厘清责任,伸张正义;在此基础上寻求社会和解。

四、结语

中国作为世界大国,作为联合国安理会五个常任理事国之一和人权理事会的成员,理应为人类和平事业与人权进步做出自身的贡献。但令人遗憾的是,在当今世界的所有大国里,唯独中国还处在威权主义政治生态中,并由此造成连绵不断的人权灾难和社会危机,束缚了中华民族的自身发展,制约了人类文明的进步——这种局面必须改变!政治民主化变革不能再拖延下去。

为此,我们本着勇于践行的公民精神,公布《零八宪章》。我们希望所有具有同样危机感、责任感和使命感的中国公民,不分朝野,不论身份,求同存异,积极参与到公民运动中来,共同推动中国社会的伟大变革,以期早日建成一个自由、民主、宪政的国家,实现国人百余年来锲而不舍的追求与梦想。

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李柏光(北京,法学博士)
傅国涌(浙江,作家)
马少方(广东,商人)
  闳(上海,教授)
夏业良(北京,经济学家)
冉云飞(四川,学者)
廖亦武(四川,作家)
  怡(四川,学者)
王晓渔(上海,学者)
苏元真 (浙江,教授)
强剑衷(南京,老报人)
欧阳小戎(云南,诗人)
  荻(北京,自由职业者)
昝爱宗(浙江,记者)
周鸿陵(北京,社会活动家)
  刚(浙江 教授)
  林(广州 学者)
  贤(甘肃,诗人)
  明(浙江,教授)
凌沧洲(北京,新闻人)
  流(北京,作家)
陈奉孝(山东,北大右派学生)
  博(北京,评论家)
张津郡(广东,职业经理人)
李剑虹(上海,作家)
张善光(湖南,人权捍卫者)
李德铭(湖南,新闻工作者)
刘建安(湖南,教师)
王小山(北京,媒体人)
范亚峰(北京,法学博士)
周明初(浙江,教授)
梁晓燕(北京,环保志愿者)
  晓(北京,作家)
  西(贵州,人权捍卫者)
  诚(山西,学者)
李元龙(贵州,自由撰稿人)
申有连(贵州,人权捍卫者)
蒋绥敏(北京,工程师)
陆中明(陕西,学者)
  煌(北京,画家)
林福武(福建,人权捍卫者)
廖双元(贵州,人权捍卫者)
卢雪松(吉林,教师)
郭玉闪(北京,学者)
陈焕辉(福建,人权捍卫者)
朱久虎(北京,律师)
金光鸿(北京,律师)
高超群(北京,编辑)
  风(吉林,诗人)
郑旭光(北京,学者)
曾金燕 (北京 维权人士)
吴玉琴(贵州,人权捍卫者)
杜义龙(陕西,作家)
  海(北京,人权捍卫者)
  辉(山西,民主人士)
  山(广东,业主维权者)
徐国庆(贵州,民主人士)
  郁(贵州,民主人士)
张明珍(贵州,民主人士)
  宁(贵州,民主人士)
全林志(贵州,民主人士)
  航(浙江,教授)
马云龙(河南,资深媒体人)
朱健国(广东,自由撰稿人)
  铁(广东,社会活动人士)
莫建刚(贵州,自由撰稿人)
张耀杰(北京,学者)
吴报建(浙江,律师)
  光(广西,学者)
俞梅荪(北京,法律人)
  健(北京,法律人)
王光泽(北京,社会活动家)
陈绍华(广东,设计师)
刘逸明(湖北,自由撰稿人)
吴祚来(北京,研究员)
  兟(山东,艺术家)
  强(山东,艺术家)
唐荆陵(广东,律师)
黎小龙(广西,维权人士)
  楚(广西,自由撰稿人)
  彪(安徽,商人)
  艳(广东,律师)
杨世元(浙江,退休人员)
杨宽兴(山东,作家)
李金芳(河北,民主人士)
王玉文(贵州,诗人)
杨中义(安徽,工人)
武辛源(河北 农民)
杜和平(贵州,民主人士)
  玲(湖北,宪政义工)
张先忠(湖北,企业家)
蔡敬忠(广东 农民)
王典斌(湖北,企业主)
蔡金才(广东 农民)
高爱国(湖北,企业主)
陈湛尧(广东 农民)
何文凯(湖北,企业主)
吴党英(上海,维权人士)
曾庆彬(广东 工人)
毛海秀(上海,维权人士)
庄道鹤(杭州,律师)
黎雄兵(北京,律师)
李任科(贵州,民主人士)
  力(河北 律师)
董德筑(贵州,民主人士)
陶玉平(贵州,民主人士)
王俊秀(北京,IT从业者)
黄晓敏(四川,维权人士)
郑恩宠(上海,法律人)
张君令(上海,维权人士)
  海(陕西,学者)
艾福荣(上海,维权人士)
杨华仁(湖北,法律工作者)
  勤(上海,维权人士)
苏祖祥(湖北,教师)
沈玉莲(上海,维权人士)
关洪山(湖北,人权捍卫者)
宋先科(广东,商人)
汪国强(湖北,人权捍卫者)
陈恩娟(上海,维权人士)
  勇(北京,媒体人)
常雄发(上海,维权人士)
王京龙(北京,管理学者)
许正清(上海,维权人士)
高军生(陕西,编辑)
郑蓓蓓(上海,维权人士)
王定华(湖北,律师)
谈兰英(上海,维权人士)
范燕琼(福建,人权捍卫者)
  辉(浙江,诗人)
吴华英(福建,人权捍卫者)
薛振标(浙江,民主人士)
董国菁(上海,人权捍卫者)
陈玉峰(湖北,法律工作者)
段若飞(上海,人权捍卫者)
王中陵(陕西,教师)
董春华(上海,人权捍卫者)
陈修琴(上海,人权捍卫者)
刘正有(四川,人权捍卫者)
  萧(北京,作家)
万延海(北京,公共卫生专家)
沈佩兰(上海,维权人士)
叶孝刚(浙江,大学退休教师)
张劲松(安徽,工人)
章锦发(浙江,退休人员)
王丽卿(上海,维权人士)
赵常青(陕西,作家)
金月花(上海,维权人士)
余樟法(广西,作家)
陈启勇(上海,维权人士)
刘贤斌(四川,民主人士)
欧阳懿(四川,人权捍卫者)
邓焕武(重庆,商人)
贺伟华(湖南,民主人士)
李东卓(湖南,IT从业者)
田永德(内蒙,人权捍卫者)
智效民(山西,学者)
李昌玉(山东,教师)
郭卫东(浙江,职员)
  卫(四川,民主人士)
王金安(湖北,企业主)
察文君(上海,维权人士)
侯述明(湖北,企业主)
刘汉南(湖北,人权捍卫者)
史若平(山东,教授)
张忍祥(湖北,人权捍卫者)
  渡(广东,编辑)
  刚(湖北,人权捍卫者)
赵国良(湖南,民主人士)
李智英(北京,学者)
张重发(贵州,民主人士)
陈永苗(北京,学者)
  婴(天津,诗人)
田祖湘(贵州,民主人士)
黄志佳(湖北,公务员)
关业波(湖北,公务员)
王望明(湖北,企业主)
高新瑞(湖北,企业家)
宋水泉(湖北,法律工作者)
赵景洲(黑龙江,人权捍卫者)
温克坚(浙江,学者)
魏文英(云南,教师)
陈惠娟(黑龙江,人权捍卫者)
陈炎雄(湖北,教师)
段春芳(上海,人权捍卫者)
刘正善(云南,工程师)
  敏(湖北,大学教师)
戴元龙(福建,企业主)
余以为 (广东,自由撰稿人)
韩祖荣(福建,企业主)
汪定亮(湖北,律师)
陈青林(北京,人权捍卫者)
钱世顺(广东,企业主)
曾伯炎(四川,作家)
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秦志刚(山东,电子工程师)
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邓复华(湖北,作家)
  康(湖北,公务员)
李建强(山东,律师)
李仁兵(北京,律师)
裘美丽(上海,维权人士)
兰志学(北京,律师)
周锦昌(浙江,退休人员)
黄燕明(贵州,民主人士)
刘 巍 (北京,律师)
鄢烈汉(湖北,企业主)
陈德富(贵州,民主人士)
郭用新(湖北,医生)
郭永丰(广东,中国公民监政会发起人)
袁新亭 (广州,编辑)
戚惠民 (浙江,民主人士)
  宇(四川,采编)
谢福林(湖南,人权捍卫者)
  光(浙江,企业主)
  火 (广东,自由撰稿人)
  巍(浙江,维权人士)
萧利彬(浙江,工程师)
高海兵(浙江,民主人士)
田奇庄(河北, 作家)
邓太清(山西,民主人士)
裴鸿信(河北,教师)
  民(吉林,法律工作者)
李喜阁(河南,维权人士)
王德邦(北京,作家)
冯秋盛(广东,农民)
侯文豹(安徽,维权人士)
唐吉田(北京,律师)
刘荣超(安徽,农民)
李天翔(河南,工人)
崔玉振(河北,律师)
许茂连(安徽,农民)
翟林华(安徽,教师)
陶晓霞(安徽,农民)
  望(福建,工人)
黄大川(辽宁,职员)
陈啸原(海南,职员)
张鉴康(陕西,法律工作者)
张星水(北京,律师)
马纲权(北京,律师)
王金祥(湖北,维权人士)
王家英(湖北,企业主)
鄢来云(湖北,企业主)
李小明(湖北,维权人士)
肖水祥(湖北,维权人士)
鄢裕祥(湖北,维权人士)
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(共303人)

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