新的自愿规范可以捍卫表达自由
（2008年10月29日，纽约）----人权观察今天说，互联网和电信公司已经达成的新的自愿规范可以帮助捍卫中国和其他互联网遭审查的国家的表达自由。
全球网络倡议（Global Network Initiative）的参加者包括人权观察、Google、微软、雅虎和其他许多大公司、人权组织、投资者和学术机构(http://www.globalnetworkinitiative.org/ )。
在中国、伊朗和俄罗斯等国，政府经常审查信息和迫害他们认为威胁其统治的博客作者和其他网络活动家。在某些案例中，公司成为了这些虐待的同谋。例如，中国曾经迫使雅虎把通过电子邮件发送它认为敏感的信息的政治异议人士的名字转交给秘密警察。
"这是在互联网上保护人权和表达自由的重要的第一步，"人权观察商业和人权项目（Business and Human Rights Program）理事伽那森(Arvind Ganesan)说，"但真正的考验是它的实施，以及其中是否包括保护互联网用户的强制性措施。"
2005年，中国记者师涛在雅虎向当局确认其身份之后被判处10年监禁。师涛向海外网站发送了中国的宣传部发出的关于媒体应如何遮蔽天安门广场镇压15周年纪念的备忘录的笔记。中国还迫使微软关闭中国用户批评其政府的博客，并迫使Google审查其搜索结果。
建立全球网络倡议是为了通过发表公司应该遵守的减少审查和保护用户隐私的规范来协助在全球与这些问题做斗争。其《表达自由和隐私原则》伴随着具体的实施承诺和监督该规范遵守情况的承诺。
人权观察说全球网络倡议的启动是在与网络审查做斗争和保护用户隐私上的重要进展，但实施要花一些时间，还需要更多的东西，包括增加强制性的规则。
要获得更多关于全球网络倡议及参加组织和公司的背景，请访问：
http://www.globalnetworkinitiative.org/
阅读2006年8月人权观察的报告《竞次：公司成为中国互联网审查的同谋》（Race to the Bottom: Corporate Complicity in Chinese Internet Censorship），请访问：
http://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/china0806/index.htm
欲获得更多信息，请联系：
In Washington, DC, Arvind Ganesan (English): +1-202-612-4329; or +1-202-255-8305 (mobile)
In New York, Minky Worden (English, Cantonese): +1-212-216-1250; or +1-917-497-0540 (mobile)
For Immediate Release
Internet Rights Protection Initiative Launches
New Voluntary Standards Could Safeguard Freedom of Expression
(New York, October 29, 2008) - A new voluntary standard that internet and telecom companies have agreed on could help safeguard freedom of expression and human rights in China and other countries where the internet is censored, Human Rights Watch said today.
Participants in the Global Network Initiative (GNI) include Human Rights Watch, Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, and a host of other major companies, human rights organizations, investors, and academics (http://www.globalnetworkinitiative.org/ ).
In countries such as China, Iran, and Russia, governments regularly censor information and persecute bloggers and other online activists whom they see as a threat to their rule. In some cases, companies have been complicit in those abuses. China, for example, has pressured Yahoo to turn over to its secret police the names of political dissidents who send information over e-mail that it considers sensitive.
"This is an important first step to protect human rights and free expression on the internet," said Arvind Ganesan, director of the Business and Human Rights Program at Human Rights Watch. "But the real test will be in its implementation, and whether mandatory measures are included to protect internet users."
In 2005, the Chinese journalist Shi Tao was sentenced to 10 years in prison after being identified to the authorities by Yahoo. Shi had sent an overseas website the notes on a memorandum issued by China's propaganda department on how the media should cover the 15th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square crackdown. China has also pressured Microsoft to shut down internet blogs in which Chinese users were criticizing their government, and insisted Google censor its search engine results.
The GNI was founded to help combat these problems globally by setting out standards companies should follow to curtail censorship and protect user privacy. Its Principles on Freedom of Expression and Privacy are accompanied by specific implementation commitments and a commitment to monitor compliance with this standard.
Human Rights Watch said the launch of the GNI is an important development in combating online censorship and protecting user privacy, but that it will take time to implement and more will be needed, including the addition of mandatory rules.
For more background on the GNI and participating organizations and companies, please visit:
http://www.globalnetworkinitiative.org/
To read the August 2006 Human Rights Watch report, "Race to the Bottom: Corporate Complicity in Chinese Internet Censorship," please visit:
http://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/china0806/index.htm
For more information, please contact:
In Washington, DC, Arvind Ganesan (English): +1-202-612-4329; or +1-202-255-8305 (mobile)
In New York, Minky Worden (English, Cantonese): +1-212-216-1250; or +1-917-497-0540 (mobile)
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